Audrey Osler is Professor of Citizenship and Human Rights Education, University of Leeds, UK and University or South-Eastern Norway.
I specialise in education for citizenship and human rights,
in both established democracies and post-conflict societies.
This has led me to diverse places and regions, including sub-
Saharan Africa; Aceh, Indonesia; Iraq-Kurdistan; and, most
recently, Sri Lanka. Experience confirms my belief that education
is key to the realisation of human rights and gender equality.
UN Sustainable Development Goal 4, quality education, is
central to the wider sustainability agenda. Without appropriate
education many of the other goals are effectively non-starters.
The Sustainable Development Goals, agreed in 2015, are a set of
aspirations with concrete targets. The first step in realising their
ambitious agenda is to hold our governments to account. It’s
important to remember that they are not legally binding. They
form an ambitious agenda to transform our world for the better by
2030. They are only likely to be realised if we, as citizens, working
with others, including elected representatives, ensure our
government and political leaders are held accountable both for
these promises and for legally binding human rights obligations.
A second step in realising SDG 4 is to prompt an in-depth
discussion about the meaning of an inclusive and equitable
quality education. Much is made of the need to ensure adequate
resources and teacher education. Clearly these are essential.
But we also need to debate the aims and content of education.
The near-universally ratified Convention on the Rights of the
Child, along with the International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights, spell out the basis for a quality
education. These agreed international standards propose
curriculum aims. These include development of respect for
human rights and fundamental freedoms, and for the principles
enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations; respect for
the child’s cultural identity, language and values and other
cultures and civilizations. A quality education must necessarily
include human rights education and intercultural education.
Equally, the curriculum should equip the learner with the skills
to participate in society ‘in the spirit of understanding, peace,
tolerance, equality of sexes, and friendship among all peoples’,
and ensure social and environmental sustainability.
Some may question this agenda, arguing that universal primary
education must, in the first instance, promote literacy and
numeracy. Yet this isn’t an either/or choice. We are living in
dangerous times, with increased authoritarianism across the
globe; a global climate emergency; and an increasing tendency
for governments to deride international institutions, undermine
democratic processes, avoid journalistic scrutiny, overlook
human rights standards, and play to populist agendas that
promote blind nationalism and xenophobia. The curriculum
knowledge and skills outlined here are more necessary than
ever, if we are to avoid global conflict.
A third step is to foster global solidarity and a stronger
cosmopolitan outlook, not just among young learners but
all citizens, including teachers. Even wealthy countries
need international support and solidarity to address crises,
as illustrated by the international response to Australia’s
devastating bush fires in 2019-20. Those who have lived
under repressive regimes are often most acutely aware of
the need for cosmopolitanism.
The artist C sar Manrique,
who lived in Franco’s Spain, expressed this provocatively: ‘I
believe in humankind as a totality. I don’t believe in religion,
or in borders, or in nationalities, or in flags.’ He went on to say: 'We live on this planet for such a short space of time that
each one of our steps should lead towards building the
dreamed space of utopia more and more. Let us build
it together. That is the only way of making it come true.'
Citizenship action for government accountability, a deep
discussion about a quality curriculum, together with a utopian
cosmopolitan vision, offer a pathway towards greater social
justice through education.
From Engage issue 20.