Growing up in 1970s and 80s Britain, son of Jamaican immigrants, all I cared about was mathematics, mathematics and mathematics. I didn’t see the need for black role models; all I cared about was numbers. Then I reached teenage years, the opportunity to enter the educational community was not the same for people of my colour. I was being directed to become a boxer not a mathematician. A generation later my son was being pushed in the direction of singing, not a career in STEM. My story is not unique and there are many other marginalised groups. Creating an education system that genuinely includes marginalised groups isn’t just a moral imperative — it’s a practical one. When people are excluded, societies lose talent, creativity, and economic potential. So what can be done? Here are seven starters for ten: 1. Remove Barriers to Access Many marginalised learners are excluded long before they reach a classroom. Key Strategies: Eliminate financial barriers: scholarships, free school meals, subsidised transport, no-fee schooling. Provide flexible learning options: evening classes, community-based learning, mobile schools for nomadic groups. Invest in infrastructure: safe buildings, accessible facilities for disabled learners, and reliable internet in rural areas. 2. Make Learning Culturally Relevant Education becomes inclusive when learners see themselves reflected in it. What this looks like: Curriculum that includes diverse histories, languages, and perspectives. Teaching materials that avoid stereotypes and represent all groups. Community involvement in designing educational programs. Don’t just consider the marginalised groups at certain special events, but all year round. 3. Train and Support Teachers Teachers are the frontline of inclusion. Effective Approaches: Training in inclusive pedagogy and unconscious bias. Recruiting teachers from marginalised communities. Providing classroom assistants or specialists (e.g., sign language interpreters). Get teachers to be seconded in diverse areas, so they can grow to learn and appreciate different cultures. 4. Use Technology Thoughtfully, technology can widen access — or deepen inequality if used poorly. Inclusive Uses of Technology: Low-bandwidth digital learning tools for remote areas. Assistive technologies for learners with disabilities. Online platforms that allow flexible pacing and personalised learning. Keep Libraries open so that marginalised communities can access the digital world. 5. Strengthen Policies and Accountability Inclusion doesn’t happen by accident; it needs structure. I have written a paper called treating EDI as a Science Problem. It introduces Chamberlain’s Law that states this “If all things are equal what numbers do we expect to see?” On this basis, we should be able to consider things such as Anti-discrimination laws in education. Data collection on who is being left out and why. Funding formulas that allocate more resources to disadvantaged schools. 6. Engage Families and Communities There are examples where marginalised groups distrust institutions for good historical reasons. These are some of the ways to build trust: Community-led outreach programs. Parent education initiatives. Schools are partnering with local leaders, NGOs, and cultural organisations. 7. Support Learners Beyond Academics Barriers to education are often social, emotional, or economic. Holistic support: Mental health services. School meals and health checks. Safe transport and anti-bullying programs. In conclusion, these points are not comprehensive or exhaustive. However, it is a benefit to us all when education is for all. BY PROFESSOR NIRA CHAMBERLAIN OBE FIMA FORS CSci PhD HonDSc DUniv 1st AtkinsRéalis Technical Fellow for Mathematical Modelling AtkinsRéalis, Six Mathematical Doctorates. Mathematics Professor. Founder of the Black Heroes of Mathematics Conference. Science Communicator

I have always been a believer in the transformative power of education. Education can never be seen solely as a didactic pursuit. It is in many ways an act of love. Helping children to carve out their own place in the world and to understand the complexities of culture, society, history, and anthropology. Education becomes especially vital in times of conflict and unrest. When societies are divided by violence, political instability, or deep social tensions, education offers one of the most powerful tools for rebuilding communities and creating a more peaceful future. Schools are not only places where children learn academic subjects; they must be environments where values, perspectives, and skills are formed. In periods of crisis, the role of education expands beyond knowledge transmission to include fostering tolerance and equipping them with critical thinking skills that allow them to navigate complex realities. One of the most important functions of education during conflict is the promotion of tolerance and mutual understanding. Conflict often arises from fear, misunderstanding, and deeply rooted prejudices between groups. When children grow up hearing only one narrative about others, divisions can become stronger over time. Education can counteract this by exposing students to different cultures, histories, and viewpoints. Through inclusive curricula and classroom discussions, children can learn that diversity is not a threat but a natural and valuable part of human society. Teaching empathy and respect helps young people see beyond stereotypes and recognise the shared humanity in others. In the long term, these attitudes can reduce the likelihood that future generations will repeat cycles of hostility. We can see in conflict zones now that there is often a parallel battle in schools for control of the narrative. Arguments over textbooks in Palestine, for example, are longstanding with different cultural interpretations of certain themes or even individual words or pictures being used to justify political ends. Conflict can create feelings of fear, confusion, and powerlessness, particularly for young people. Schools can provide a sense of stability and normality when much of life feels unpredictable. In addition to this emotional support, education helps students understand the social, political, and historical forces shaping their circumstances. By learning about how societies function, how conflicts arise, and how they can be resolved, children gain a clearer sense of their role as members of a community and as citizens. This understanding empowers them to imagine a future beyond the conflict they are experiencing and to see themselves as participants in rebuilding their societies. Another key aspect of education in times of unrest is the development of critical thinking skills. In environments marked by propaganda, misinformation, and polarised narratives, the ability to evaluate information carefully becomes essential. This is especially vital in the modern world with the proliferation of social media, citizen journalism, and algorithms which are designed to reinforce and amplify the worldview of the user or to promote violent or extreme material. Children and young people who learn how to question sources, analyse arguments, and consider multiple perspectives are far less likely to be manipulated by extremist ideologies or false information. Critical thinking allows individuals to move beyond simplistic explanations and to recognise the complexity of social and political issues. This skill is crucial not only for personal decision-making but also for the health of democracy. Furthermore, critical thinking encourages dialogue rather than division. When students learn to examine ideas thoughtfully and listen to differing opinions, they become more capable of engaging in constructive discussions. This ability is particularly important in post-conflict societies where reconciliation and cooperation are necessary for long-term peace. Instead of reacting with hostility to disagreement, educated individuals are more likely to seek understanding and compromise. We must build education systems with this in mind. Many curricula and systems have focused on standards and testing to the detriment of true critical thinking. With the rapid onset of AI and the proliferation of algorithm-driven information access, it is more vital than ever that critical thinking, media literacy, social skills, and dialogue are placed at the heart of education and schools. While education alone cannot resolve every conflict, it lays the intellectual and moral foundations that make lasting peace possible. Investing in education during difficult times is not only an investment in individual development but also in the stability and future of entire communities.  BY ED HARLOW NEU PRESIDENT (1ST JANUARY 2026 – 31ST DECEMBER 2026) Ed has been a secondary music teacher and head of department at Highgate Wood School in London for nearly 20 years. Elected to the National Executive in 2021, and as Junior Vice-President in 2024, he has helped shape policy, taking a particular interest in restoring the arts and creative subjects in the Curriculum.