Extra-curricular signs of hope during social unrest? Young people ‘doing’ global citizenship through social media

DR HELEN HANNA, MANCHESTER INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER

During times of social and political uncertainty and unrest, young people and education are often visible participants or visible targets. Over the past decade, countries like Hong Kong and Thailand have experienced upheaval stemming from social protest movements. At the same time, organisations like UNESCO have attempted to create unifying discourses that seek to help learners go beyond nationalism towards grander ideas of global citizenship and a sense of belonging to a global community. UNESCO (2014, p. 11) claims there has been a ‘shift’ in education, which ‘recognises the relevance of education and learning in understanding and resolving global issues in social, political, cultural, economic and environmental areas.’ One outcome of such discourses has been the rise in interest in Global Citizenship Education (GCE).


It has long been established that an effective education in a diverse society must incorporate some exposure to a variety of views on different topics, but the extent to which this should include contentious or controversial issues is not agreed upon (Hanna, 2019). GCE as understood by UNESCO and SDG 4 clearly conceives that education should involve allowing learners to grapple with a variety of views, working out how they feel about them, and how to respond in the world beyond the school gates. However, in some societies where young people have been involved in social and political protest, the state has targeted the education system as a way of controlling them. In Hong Kong, this has resulted in a citizenship curriculum that has become increasingly nationalistic, focused on patriotism and unity of Chinese identity, at the expense of fully recognising young people’s rights to multiple and local identities, as well as their rights and responsibilities to act on injustice in their communities. Teachers have been suspended for designing materials that discuss controversial ideas such as Hong Kong independence, teachers’ unions have disbanded, many have left the profession and moved overseas, and student leaders have been arrested. In Thailand, while the curriculum focuses on peace and analysing and even suggesting remedies for the human rights abuses in the country, there has been a show of force at student protests that has led to multiple arrests for those who have raised questions about the legitimacy of the government and the monarchy. Therefore, it is hard to see how the goals of GCE might be fulfilled in such a challenging climate.


But not all hope is lost. I have been reminded recently that not all education happens in school. For all its ills, social media like Twitter and Instagram offer an opportunity for young people in countries like Hong Kong and Thailand to connect across borders – young people who feel that their rights are not being respected, that they are not being listened to, and that they have no chance in school to express themselves or to change things. This connection has led to them being dubbed, along with some other Asian countries, as the ‘Milk Tea Alliance’ after the famous drink that is popular across East and Southeast Asia. Vanijiaka Voranai, a political analyst from Thammasat University in Bangkok, regards young people in both places as having ‘shared cultural values’, such as a love of freedom and ‘the courage to fight for change’ (cited in Chen & Taylor, 2020). While, as educationalists, we may be trying to play our part in improving the education system, through the curriculum or by other means, the use of social media here highlights the interconnectedness of young people that goes beyond what an education system might be able to provide for them. 


Global Citizenship Education in the 21st century seeks to go beyond the nation state, towards a cross-national global identity of common humanity and sense of belonging, based on universal values like human rights. Looking at Hong Kong and Thailand can give us hope that young people have agency of their own, and can make things happen for themselves, sometimes even in spite of what their education system desires.



References:


Chen, D.H. and Taylor, J. (2020). Young and restless: Hong Kong and Thailand protests parallels. Hong Kong Free Press, 19, October, 2020. Available at: https://hongkongfp.com/2020/10/19/young-and-restless-hong-kong-and-thailand-protest-parallels/?fbclid=IwAR0o9HPcCyTyhF_yuShmR-7a-wuOJDPcABgVZH9OusLG2wNDJxKjmLBf9Hc


Hanna, H. (2019). Young People’s Rights in the Citizenship Education Classroom. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Available at: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-21147-9


UNESCO (2014). Global Citizenship Education: Preparing Learners for the Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. Paris: UNESCO. Available at: https://www.gcedclearinghouse.org/sites/default/files/resources/170053eng.pdf


Biography:


Helen is a Lecturer in International Education at Manchester Institute of Education, having previously worked in education in Hong Kong, Mainland China, South Africa and Russia. She is passionate about advocating for children and young people’s rights to, in and through education, especially freedom of expression and respect for their identities. 



This article was first published in Engage 25.


DR HELEN HANNA • January 9, 2023
By Ann Beatty July 23, 2026
Something is energising about spending time with people who genuinely care about children and young people. That was my experience at this year’s Children’s Media Conference in Sheffield. I had the privilege of joining the Local Heroes panel, sharing the story of Seeds of Hope for a Better Future - a partnership between UNESCO ASPnet UK and partners across the U.K and globally. Seeds of Hope has connected partners through collaboration on projects and has grown in the past year. One of the projects highlighted was the Lights Camera Score programme in schools, which is now working on an exciting project with Calderdale Council and the English Chamber Orchestra, which will showcase this August at Shibden House. As we enter the second year of the competition, it was encouraging to discover how much interest there is from writers, producers, educators and creatives who are asking the same question: How can we help young people imagine and create a better future? What struck me most throughout the conference was the intention behind the conversations. Rather than assuming what young people need, there was a genuine desire to listen, understand and create media that reflects their lives, their challenges and their aspirations. One of the most thought-provoking sessions gave the microphone to young people themselves. They were asked about the proposed social media ban for under-16s, and their responses were refreshingly honest. Their message was clear: they believed the ban would be difficult to enforce because young people would inevitably find ways around it. Instead of excluding them from digital spaces, they argued that our focus should be on making those spaces safer and on helping young people develop the skills they need to navigate an increasingly digital world. One comment in particular stayed with me. A young panellist admitted, “Yes, it’s true I spend too much time on social media but so do all of you adults in the room.” The audience responded with warm applause. It was a reminder that young people notice the contradictions in the messages they receive, and that meaningful dialogue begins with honesty rather than judgement. That session reinforced something I have long believed: if we are serious about shaping the future, we must involve the people who will inherit it. Too often, decisions are made about young people rather than with them. Yet when we create opportunities for them to share their ideas, they offer thoughtful, creative and practical perspectives that deserve to be heard. That spirit resonates deeply with the values behind Seeds of Hope for a Better Future. The competition is built on a simple but powerful belief: when children and young people are allowed to express their ideas through creativity, they do more than imagine change; they begin to shape it. Over the past two years we have seen young people respond with imagination, compassion and practical solutions to some of the world’s biggest challenges. Their artwork, writing, films and performances remind us that hope is not passive; it is something we nurture through creativity, collaboration and action. I left Sheffield feeling optimistic. Not because all the answers exist, but because I met so many talented people committed to listening to young voices and working alongside them. The enthusiasm shown for Seeds of Hope for a Better Future affirmed that there is a growing movement of educators, creatives and media professionals who believe children and young people should not only be represented in stories but also help shape them. Perhaps that is what being a local hero is really about. It is not about having all the answers. It is about creating the conditions for others to flourish, listening with curiosity and planting seeds of hope that will continue to grow long after the conversation has ended. You can follow the journeys below: https://www.stageatthelake.co.uk/seeds-of-hope https://threestonesmedia.co.uk/blog/portfolio-item/lights-camera-score/ Entries for Seeds of Hope for a Better Future for 2026 have closed, and we will be back again next year: https://unesco.org.uk/ For inspiration, you might like to have a look at the 2025 Winners: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_bb8PJS5j7k Ann Beatty UNESCO ASPnet Coordinator UK CEO, The Steve Sinnott Foundation Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/roo-walker/over-the-horizon License code: ZFK6D180PHNWXSYQ
By Marie Antoinette Corr June 10, 2026
1. Background and Rationale In The Gambia, school-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) remains a serious barrier to education. Girls are most at risk, though boys can be targeted too and human rights organisations increasingly recognise poverty itself as a form of structural gender-based violence. Period poverty - the lack of access to menstrual products, education, and sanitation sits at the heart of this problem. Without safe facilities or affordable pads, many women and girls are pushed into transactional sex just to manage their periods, exposing them to serious risk of physical and sexual assault. Even without that direct danger, period poverty quietly excludes girls from school and public life: missing class due to a lack of pads or poor toilet facilities fuels absenteeism, dropout, low self-esteem, and often early marriage, deepening cycles of poverty. This is a global crisis hiding in plain sight. An estimated 500 million of the 800 million people who menstruate worldwide struggle to afford period products, and nearly 1 in 4 students faces the same barrier. A burden that falls hardest on the already marginalised. In The Gambia, girls who can't afford sanitary pads often face poor academic performance, truancy, and lasting health and psychological effects. A lack of education around menstruation breeds stigma around something entirely normal and healthy. That's why community sensitisation is so critical. Breaking the taboo helps reframe menstrual products as necessities, not luxuries, and gives women and girls the tools to manage their health with dignity, including safe alternatives like reusable pads where commercial products aren't accessible. Training women to sew their own reusable pads goes further still, building not just access but autonomy and confidence. With GBV cases rising in both schools and communities, the need for coordinated action has never been more urgent. Tackling SRGBV and period poverty specifically isn't the job of one institution alone; it requires educators, communities, and stakeholders working together toward one goal: menstrual dignity and bodily autonomy for every woman and girl. In response, the Gambia Teachers Union, with funding from the Steve Sinnott Foundation, held three community sensitisation sessions on SRGBV and period poverty from 5–7 June 2026. Sessions included demonstrations on making reusable sanitary pads and distributed materials for step-down training in schools and communities. A total of 312 participants, including school mothers' clubs, community and religious leaders, and traditional communicators, attended across three venues: Farafenni Community Centre, Brikamaba Senior Secondary School Hall, and the Regional Education Directorate 4 (Mansakonko) Conference Hall. 2. Objectives Sensitise stakeholders on SRGBV and its impact on girls Offer a durable alternative to costly disposables, easing pressure on family budgets Improve hygiene and health to prevent infection Build community skills to make affordable, sustainable products like reusable pads Promote safe, inclusive school environments Break stigma through community-wide education Establish safe, confidential reporting pathways beyond traditional barriers Challenge harmful norms, victim-blaming, and cultures of silence Unite Mothers' Clubs and female teachers, leveraging their social and structural influence Build peer support networks with access to trusted adults for emotional support Expand access to menstrual products and champion menstrual equity The sensitisation was on Promote safe menstrual practices to prevent infections from unhygienic alternatives (rags, tissue, leaves, etc.) Teach private, hygienic methods for changing, washing, and drying Train girls and women to produce eco-friendly reusable pads from local materials Establish community-led pad banks and income-generating sewing groups for women Address the reality that girls miss 5 school days a month due to lack of pads or fear of leakage and bullying Level the academic playing field by reducing dropout gaps between boys and girls Shift community narratives to remove taboos and myths around menstruation Engage boys and men to build empathy and normalise periods as a shared, natural issue, not a "women's burden" The sessions were highly participatory, allowing teachers to share experiences, raise concerns, and explore context-specific solutions. Training on period poverty alleviation is critical because it empowers communities, breaks dangerous taboos, and tackles the economic, health and educational barriers associated with menstruation. By building local capacity, it creates sustainable long-term solutions. Participants were happy about the training and committed to conducting step-down trainings for other Mothers' Clubs and adolescent girls in their schools. Participants were given sets of materials to start with. The pads will help girls have a reliable and sustainable solution to their menstrual worries, hence enabling them to avoid infections, exploitation, shame, low self-esteem, stress, and they will remain in school Materials for Distribution
By Ann Beatty June 1, 2026
On Friday evening ( 29 May, 7.00 pm The Actors Church Covent Garden) we had the pleasure of listening to this very special concert, bringing together the Choir of King's College London and the Princeton High School Orchestra in a celebration of international friendship, collaboration, and shared values. This project reflects a commitment to peace, sustainability, equality, and cultural exchange, uniting young musicians from the United Kingdom and the United States through the universal language of music.